linux下sendmail安装及配置

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大家可以用shell脚本测试：我这边用了一个php封装好的库测试。

echo ‘This is test mail’ | mail -s ‘test’ 你的QQ@qq.com

检测是否发送成功

/usr/lib/sendmail -bp

接下来我们按照网上千篇一律的方法来安装配置。以及来分析其中的一些坑。（分别测试腾讯云【不可用】，阿里云【不可用】，搬瓦工【可用】，本地环境【可用】）

1.安装 sendmail 组件，我用的是 CentOS ，使用下面的命令安装

yum install sendmail

2.使用下面的命令重启php-fpm进程

/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart

3.检测sendmail是否运行正常

/etc/init.d/sendmail status

可能用到的命令

/etc/init.d/sendmail start （启动sendmail）

/etc/init.d/sendmail stop （关闭sendmail）

/etc/init.d/sendmail restart （重启sendmail）

如果显示正在运行running 就可以。但是我测试了阿里云，腾讯云，搬瓦工，以及本地环境（服务器均为LNMP，一致的配置），但是所有服务器都会出现 sendmail dead but subsys locked，报错

为什么会出现这种情况呢？网上所有的回答是有可能是系统已经运行了postfix服务了，有时这两个邮件服务会不兼容，需要关闭postfix服务。

 

这里会出现一些奇怪的问题：腾讯云，和阿里云服务器没有安装postfix，依旧报错sendmail dead but subsys locked，搬瓦工默认安装了postfix，同样报错，但是不影响发送邮件功能。我们把搬瓦工的postfix暂停后，sendmail status为running，并正常发邮件。

4.配置php.ini，填写sendmail的绝对路径，这里又有坑了。搬瓦工和本地环境 没有配置 ;sendmail_path =路径，依旧正常发送邮件，阿里云，腾讯云怎么都是无法发送邮件。

使用命令打开编辑php.ini

vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

输入?sendmail_path 查找定位，别按i

;sendmail_path =

再按 i 进入编辑，将这行修改为

sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i

按 Esc 键退出编辑，输入 :wq 保存退出

5.重启php-fpm进程

/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart

接下来我们使用第三方邮件邮件来发送 — smtp服务

以网易为例：我们需要登录网易邮箱，进入设置 — smtp，勾选，然后找到  客户端授权密码，这个密码可以自己设置。

然后大家可以下载写好的库和例子进行测试。

http://pan.bcoderss.com/github/php_mail.zip

相关代码：index.html






PHP利用smtp类发送邮件范例

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相关代码：sendmail.php


debug = false改为true，可以显示错误信息，然后可以复制报错信息到网上搜一下错误的原因；
* 5. 如果还是不能解决，可以访问：http://bcoder.clbug.com/19652.html
* 下面的评论中，可能有你要找的答案。
*
*
* Last update time:2018/07
* UPDATE:
* 1、替换了高版本不支持的写法，如ereg、ereg_replace.
* 2、将 var 改为 public/private等.
* 3、使其兼容php7.
*
*/

require_once "Smtp.class.php";
//******************** 配置信息 ********************************
$smtpserver = "smtp.163.com";//SMTP服务器
$smtpserverport =25;//163的SMTP服务器端口
$smtpusermail = "xxx@163.com";//SMTP服务器的用户邮箱
$smtpemailto = $_POST['toemail'];//发送给谁
$smtpuser = "xxx";//SMTP服务器的用户帐号，注：部分邮箱只需@前面的用户名
$smtppass = "163的授权密码";//SMTP服务器的用户密码（现在一般为授权码）
$mailtitle = $_POST['title'];//邮件主题
$mailcontent = "

".$_POST['content']."

";//邮件内容
$mailtype = "HTML";//邮件格式（HTML/TXT）,TXT为文本邮件
//************************ 配置信息 ****************************
$smtp = new Smtp($smtpserver,$smtpserverport,true,$smtpuser,$smtppass);//这里面的一个true是表示使用身份验证,否则不使用身份验证.
$smtp->debug = false;//是否显示发送的调试信息
$state = $smtp->sendmail($smtpemailto, $smtpusermail, $mailtitle, $mailcontent, $mailtype);

echo "

";
if($state==""){
echo "对不起，邮件发送失败！请检查邮箱填写是否有误。";
echo "点此返回";
exit();
}
echo "恭喜！邮件发送成功！！";
echo "点此返回";
echo "

";

?>

相关代码 Smtp.class.php


debug = FALSE;

$this->smtp_port = $smtp_port;

$this->relay_host = $relay_host;

$this->time_out = 30; //is used in fsockopen()

$this->auth = $auth;//auth

$this->user = $user;

$this->pass = $pass;

$this->host_name = "localhost"; //is used in HELO command
$this->log_file = "";

$this->sock = FALSE;

}

/* Main Function */

function sendmail($to, $from, $subject = "", $body = "", $mailtype, $cc = "", $bcc = "", $additional_headers = "")
{

$mail_from = $this->get_address($this->strip_comment($from));

$body = preg_replace("/(^|(\r\n))(\.)/", "\1.\3", $body);

$header = "MIME-Version:1.0\r\n";

if($mailtype=="HTML"){

$header .= "Content-Type:text/html\r\n";

}

$header .= "To: ".$to."\r\n";

if ($cc != "") {

$header .= "Cc: ".$cc."\r\n";

}

$header .= "From: $from<".$from.">\r\n";

$header .= "Subject: ".$subject."\r\n";

$header .= $additional_headers;

$header .= "Date: ".date("r")."\r\n";

$header .= "X-Mailer:By Redhat (PHP/".phpversion().")\r\n";

list($msec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());

$header .= "Message-ID: <".date("YmdHis", $sec).".".($msec*1000000).".".$mail_from.">\r\n";

$TO = explode(",", $this->strip_comment($to));

if ($cc != "") {

$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($cc)));

}

if ($bcc != "") {

$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($bcc)));

}

$sent = TRUE;

foreach ($TO as $rcpt_to) {

$rcpt_to = $this->get_address($rcpt_to);

if (!$this->smtp_sockopen($rcpt_to)) {

$this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to ".$rcpt_to."\n");

$sent = FALSE;

continue;

}

if ($this->smtp_send($this->host_name, $mail_from, $rcpt_to, $header, $body)) {

$this->log_write("E-mail has been sent to <".$rcpt_to.">\n");

} else {

$this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to <".$rcpt_to.">\n");

$sent = FALSE;

}

fclose($this->sock);

$this->log_write("Disconnected from remote host\n");

}

return $sent;

}

/* Private Functions */

function smtp_send($helo, $from, $to, $header, $body = "")
{

if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("HELO", $helo)) {

return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");

}

//auth
if($this->auth){

if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("AUTH LOGIN", base64_encode($this->user))) {

return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");

}

if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("", base64_encode($this->pass))) {

return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");

}

}

if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("MAIL", "FROM:<".$from.">")) {

return $this->smtp_error("sending MAIL FROM command");

}

if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("RCPT", "TO:<".$to.">")) {

return $this->smtp_error("sending RCPT TO command");

}

if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("DATA")) {

return $this->smtp_error("sending DATA command");

}

if (!$this->smtp_message($header, $body)) {

return $this->smtp_error("sending message");

}

if (!$this->smtp_eom()) {

return $this->smtp_error("sending . [EOM]");

}

if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("QUIT")) {

return $this->smtp_error("sending QUIT command");

}

return TRUE;

}

function smtp_sockopen($address)
{

if ($this->relay_host == "") {

return $this->smtp_sockopen_mx($address);

} else {

return $this->smtp_sockopen_relay();

}

}

function smtp_sockopen_relay()
{

$this->log_write("Trying to ".$this->relay_host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n");

$this->sock = @fsockopen($this->relay_host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);

if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {

$this->log_write("Error: Cannot connenct to relay host ".$this->relay_host."\n");

$this->log_write("Error: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n");

return FALSE;

}

$this->log_write("Connected to relay host ".$this->relay_host."\n");

return TRUE;

}

function smtp_sockopen_mx($address)
{

$domain = preg_replace("/^.+@([^@]+)$/", "\1", $address);

if (!@getmxrr($domain, $MXHOSTS)) {

$this->log_write("Error: Cannot resolve MX \"".$domain."\"\n");

return FALSE;

}

//专注与php学习 http://www.daixiaorui.com 欢迎您的访问

foreach ($MXHOSTS as $host) {

$this->log_write("Trying to ".$host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n");

$this->sock = @fsockopen($host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);

if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {

$this->log_write("Warning: Cannot connect to mx host ".$host."\n");

$this->log_write("Error: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n");

continue;

}

$this->log_write("Connected to mx host ".$host."\n");

return TRUE;

}

$this->log_write("Error: Cannot connect to any mx hosts (".implode(", ", $MXHOSTS).")\n");

return FALSE;

}

function smtp_message($header, $body)
{

fputs($this->sock, $header."\r\n".$body);

$this->smtp_debug("> ".str_replace("\r\n", "\n"."> ", $header."\n> ".$body."\n> "));

return TRUE;

}

function smtp_eom()
{

fputs($this->sock, "\r\n.\r\n");

$this->smtp_debug(". [EOM]\n");

return $this->smtp_ok();

}

function smtp_ok()
{

$response = str_replace("\r\n", "", fgets($this->sock, 512));

$this->smtp_debug($response."\n");

if (!preg_match("/^[23]/", $response)) {

fputs($this->sock, "QUIT\r\n");

fgets($this->sock, 512);

$this->log_write("Error: Remote host returned \"".$response."\"\n");

return FALSE;

}

return TRUE;

}

function smtp_putcmd($cmd, $arg = "")
{

if ($arg != "") {

if($cmd=="") $cmd = $arg;

else $cmd = $cmd." ".$arg;

}

fputs($this->sock, $cmd."\r\n");

$this->smtp_debug("> ".$cmd."\n");

return $this->smtp_ok();

}

function smtp_error($string)
{

$this->log_write("Error: Error occurred while ".$string.".\n");

return FALSE;

}

function log_write($message)
{

$this->smtp_debug($message);

if ($this->log_file == "") {

return TRUE;

}

$message = date("M d H:i:s ").get_current_user()."[".getmypid()."]: ".$message;

if (!@file_exists($this->log_file) || !($fp = @fopen($this->log_file, "a"))) {

$this->smtp_debug("Warning: Cannot open log file \"".$this->log_file."\"\n");

return FALSE;

}

flock($fp, LOCK_EX);

fputs($fp, $message);

fclose($fp);

return TRUE;

}

function strip_comment($address)
{

$comment = "/\([^()]*\)/";

while (preg_match($comment, $address)) {

$address = preg_replace($comment, "", $address);

}

return $address;

}

function get_address($address)
{

$address = preg_replace("/([ \t\r\n])+/", "", $address);

$address = preg_replace("/^.*<(.+)>.*$/", "\1", $address);

return $address;

}

function smtp_debug($message)
{

if ($this->debug) {

echo $message;

}

}

}

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